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debian:tips [2022/03/13 18:07]
nanodano created 		debian:tips [2022/04/06 01:30] (current)
nanodano
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-====== Common setup tips ======+====== Debian Tips ======
  
 +==== Installation ====
 +
 +  * The CD net install image is the smallest one available but comes with fewest packages.
 +  * There is a 16GB USB download that contains most popular packages. This is a good middle ground.
 +  * If you use the ''jigdo-file'' download method, you can download the entire set with every single repo. Debian 11 had 19 DVDs for the full set. There is also bluray versions available. The entire 80-90GB could fit on a single USB drive.
 +  * There are Live images available in addition to just the installer.
   * Install VirtualBox Guest Additions (for VM only): ''apt install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r)'' then run ''VBoxLinuxAdditions.run'' from the disk. There is also a copy of the ISO in the Debian non-free repository. You might need to do ''sudo su - '' to get a "true root" shell, otherwise it might install the drivers under the wrong low-privilege user.   * Install VirtualBox Guest Additions (for VM only): ''apt install build-essential linux-headers-$(uname -r)'' then run ''VBoxLinuxAdditions.run'' from the disk. There is also a copy of the ISO in the Debian non-free repository. You might need to do ''sudo su - '' to get a "true root" shell, otherwise it might install the drivers under the wrong low-privilege user.
 +  * edit apt sources with ''sudo apt edit-sources'' and add right repos whether DVD or remote
 +
 +  * Firmware
 +    * You can download an unofficial version that includes non-free firmware, or you can download the non-free firmware as a separate zip and install packages only as needed. For example, a wifi driver.
 +    * Installing firmware (''apt-get download firmware-iwlwifi'' or download from https://packages.debian.org/buster/all/firmware-iwlwifi/download for X220 drivers.)  then simply install with ''sudo dpkg -i firmware-iwlwifi'' - Or download the releases with non-free firmware included (easiest) - The firmware collection download is just all the ''.deb'' packages inside a folder named ''firmware/'', if you have that on a usb stick when you install it can use them. or install manually afterwards - on desktop ROG motherboard: ''sudo dpkg -i firmware-realtek''
 +
 +==== GRUB ====
 +
 +  * Setup custom grub boot theme (''curl mygist > /etc/grub.d/99_danostheme; sudo update-grub''
 +
 +
 +==== Disks ====
 +
   * Setting up disk partitions (partition, encrypt, THEN LVM?? yep!) -- execute shell and do ''vgremove my-volume-group'' and ''vgremove --removemissing my-volume-group'' if it gets into a bad state.   * Setting up disk partitions (partition, encrypt, THEN LVM?? yep!) -- execute shell and do ''vgremove my-volume-group'' and ''vgremove --removemissing my-volume-group'' if it gets into a bad state.
-  * Installing firmware (''apt-get download firmware-iwlwifi'' or download from https://packages.debian.org/buster/all/firmware-iwlwifi/download for X220 drivers.)  then simply install with ''sudo dpkg -i firmware-iwlwifi'' - Or download the releases with non-free firmware included (easiest) - The firmware collection download is just all the ''.deb'' packages inside a folder named ''firmware/'', if you have that on a usb stick when you install it can use them. or install manually afterwards - on desktop ROG motherboard: ''sudo dpkg -i firmware-realtek'' 
   * Mount USB drives with ''mount'' and list them with ''dmesg''   * Mount USB drives with ''mount'' and list them with ''dmesg''
 +  * setup disks to auto-mount with `/etc/fstab` entries
 +
 +=== Mount SMB drive ===
 +
 +
 +<code>
 +# Mounting a CIFS/SMB network drive
 +# Ensure driver installed with `apt install cifs-utils`
 +
 +# To mount manually, run command like this:
 +# Omit the `password=` option to get prompted
 +# uid/gid is for the local Linux account
 +# user is the login for the remote SMB drive
 +sudo mount -t cifs -o uid=myuser,gid=sudo,user=myuser, \\\\192.168.0.100\\home /mnt/smb-drive
 +</code>
 +
 +<code>
 +# Example /etc/fstab entry for mounting CIFS/SMB network drive
 +# `apt install cifs-utils`
 +# Credentials should be in `/root/.smbcredentials` with `chmod 400`
 +# File should have 2 lines and look like:
 +
 +# username=myuser
 +# password=my secret password
 +
 +//mynas.local/home /mnt/smb-drive cifs uid=myuser,gid=sudo,credentials=/root/.smbcredentials
 +</code>
 +
 +
 +==== Laptops ====
 +
   * Make laptop lid close do nothing - ''edit /etc/systemd/login.conf'' and set ''HandleLidSwitchExternalPower=ignore'' or ''HandleLidSwitch=ignore''    * Make laptop lid close do nothing - ''edit /etc/systemd/login.conf'' and set ''HandleLidSwitchExternalPower=ignore'' or ''HandleLidSwitch=ignore'' 
   * Check battery level on CLI only (''cat /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/capacity{,_level}')'' or ''upower -i /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/battery_BAT0'', or use ''sudo apt install acpitool'' and run ''acpitool''.   * Check battery level on CLI only (''cat /sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/capacity{,_level}')'' or ''upower -i /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/battery_BAT0'', or use ''sudo apt install acpitool'' and run ''acpitool''.
-  * Setup custom grub boot script (''curl mygist > /etc/grub.d/99_danostheme; sudo update-grub'' + 
-  * Change console fonts with ''sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-setup'' + 
-  * Set caps to escape with ''setxkbmap'' https://www.devdungeon.com/content/rebind-caps-lock-key-escapecontrol + 
-  * edit apt sources with ''sudo apt edit-sources'' and add right repos whether DVD or remote+ 
 +==== Development ==== 
 + 
 +  * Install Qt5 libraries, QtCreator IDE and UI Designer with `apt install qt5-default qtcreator`. Run with `qtcreator`. Run designer with `/usr/lib/qt5/bin/designer` 
 +  * List Java versions and change with update-alternatives e.g. ''sudo update-alternatives --list java'' and ''sudo update-alternatives --config java'' 
 + 
 +==== Audio/Video ==== 
 + 
 +  * Play DVDs by installing ''vlc'' and ''libdvdcss2''. 
 +  * Rip DVDs using ''handbrake'' with ''libdvdcss2'' or use ''vlc'' and choose File -> Convert/Stream 
 +  * Convert .m4v video to .ogg video with ''ffmpeg -i x.m4v x.ogg'' 
 +  * Extract audio only from a video with ''ffmpeg -i x.m4v -vn x.ogg'' 
 +  * Flip video vertically with ''ffmpeg -i in.avi -vf vflip -c:a copy out'' 
 +  * Play PC speaker beep: `echo -ne '\007'` or `sudo apt install beep; beep` 
 +  * Use `vlc` or `easytag` to edit metadata on a song/video file. 
 +  * Rip music from CDs with [[https://abcde.einval.com/wiki|abcde]]. (''apt install abcde'') Just run it. It will prompt you and automate everything. 
 +  * Rip videos from DVD with ''handbrake'' or ''vlc'' (Media->Convert/Save) 
 +  * Dump CD to ISO image: ''dd if=/dev/sr0 of=disc.iso bs=1MB'' 
 + 
 + 
 +==== sudo ==== 
   * set visudo to use vim with ''sudo update-alternatives --config editor''   * set visudo to use vim with ''sudo update-alternatives --config editor''
   * set sudo nopassword with ''sudo visudo'' and set ''%sudo ALL=NOPASSWD:ALL'' on the line   * set sudo nopassword with ''sudo visudo'' and set ''%sudo ALL=NOPASSWD:ALL'' on the line
   * add user to sudo group ''gpasswd -a sudo myuser''   * add user to sudo group ''gpasswd -a sudo myuser''
-  * change which desktop starts up when running ''startx'':  ''echo "exec gnome-session" > ~/.xinitr'' or ''exec openbox-session'' (''sudo apt install openbox'') + 
-  * setup disks to auto-mount with `/etc/fstab` entries+==== Misc ==== 
 + 
 +  * Change console fonts with ''sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-setup'' 
 +  * Bind caps to escape with ''setxkbmap'' https://www.devdungeon.com/content/rebind-caps-lock-key-escapecontrol
   * Change default shell to [[:terminal:zsh|zsh]] (''which zsh; chsh'') - Customizing [[:terminal:zsh|Zsh]]: [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yPj-BfGRug]]    * Change default shell to [[:terminal:zsh|zsh]] (''which zsh; chsh'') - Customizing [[:terminal:zsh|Zsh]]: [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yPj-BfGRug]] 
-  * Add any custom debian repos - finding closest/fastest mirror, other repos like Sublime Text +   
-  * Mount an SMB share with CIFS: ''sudo apt install cifs-utils;'' ''sudo mount -t cifs -o uid=dano,gid=sudo,user=dano,password="my password" \\\\10.0.0.99\\home /mnt'' and just chmod/chown it as necessary. - My ''imount'' script to help mount stuff easier +   
-  * Add mount to the fstab for permanent mounting ''/etc/fstab'' (or make my script ''imount'' to get my password and mount when I login+ 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 +  * To update from Debian 10 to 11, run ''apt edit-sources'' and replace each instance of ''buster'' with ''bullseye''. One exception is the security line which should switch ''buster/updates'' with ''bullseye-security''. Then run ''apt update && apt updgrade'' followed by ''apt full-upgrade''. 
 + 
 + 
   * Install openbox and put ''exec openbox-session'' in ''~/.xinitrc'' to use openbox.   * Install openbox and put ''exec openbox-session'' in ''~/.xinitrc'' to use openbox.
   * How to set hostname and use Synology DNS? https://wiki.debian.org/NetworkConfiguration#Defining_the_.28DNS.29_Nameservers - Add `nameserver 1.2.3.4` to `/etc/resolve.conf`   * How to set hostname and use Synology DNS? https://wiki.debian.org/NetworkConfiguration#Defining_the_.28DNS.29_Nameservers - Add `nameserver 1.2.3.4` to `/etc/resolve.conf`
   * Customize GRUB (colors, background, timeout). See [[:other:grub_bootloader|GRUB]] page for video, theme file, and instructions.   * Customize GRUB (colors, background, timeout). See [[:other:grub_bootloader|GRUB]] page for video, theme file, and instructions.
   * Setup fail2ban with ''sudo apt install fail2ban''   * Setup fail2ban with ''sudo apt install fail2ban''
-  * Play DVDs by installing ''vlc'' and ''libdvdcss2''. 
-  * Rip DVDs using ''handbrake'' with ''libdvdcss2'' or use ''vlc'' and choose File -> Convert/Stream 
-  * Convert .m4v video to .ogg video with ''ffmpeg -i x.m4v x.ogg'' 
-  * Extract audio only from a video with ''ffmpeg -i x.m4v -vn x.ogg'' 
-  * Play PC speaker beep: `echo -ne '\007'` or `sudo apt install beep; beep` 
   * See what ports/sockets are listening with `netstat` and commonly `netstat -ntlp` (`sudo apt install net-tools)`   * See what ports/sockets are listening with `netstat` and commonly `netstat -ntlp` (`sudo apt install net-tools)`
   * Use `nslookup` to find IP of a hostname (`sudo apt install dnsutils`)   * Use `nslookup` to find IP of a hostname (`sudo apt install dnsutils`)
   * Repeat a program and view output with `watch -n3 something`   * Repeat a program and view output with `watch -n3 something`
-  * Use `vlc` or `easytag` to edit metadata on a song/video file. 
-  * Install Qt5 libraries, QtCreator IDE and UI Designer with `apt install qt5-default qtcreator`. Run with `qtcreator`. Run designer with `/usr/lib/qt5/bin/designer` 
-  * List Java versions and change with update-alternatives e.g. ''sudo update-alternatives --list java'' and ''sudo update-alternatives --config java'' 
debian/tips.1647194829.txt.gz · Last modified: 2022/03/13 18:07 by nanodano

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